How much greater might the stopping distance be for an apparatus on snow and ice compared to dry pavement?

The stopping distance for a fire apparatus on snow and ice can be significantly greater compared to dry pavement due to the reduced traction. On slippery surfaces, the coefficient of friction is considerably lowered, which directly impacts the vehicle's ability to decelerate effectively.

When traveling on dry pavement, the tires can grip the surface well, allowing for a more controlled and shorter stopping distance. In contrast, the presence of snow and ice creates a situation where the wheels may skid instead of effectively applying braking force. Consequently, this can lead to a scenario where the stopping distance increases dramatically, leading to a range of approximately three to fifteen times greater than on dry surfaces.

This information is critical for fire engineers and responders as it highlights the need for increased caution and additional distance when operating emergency vehicles under winter weather conditions. Understanding this principle ensures the safety of both the personnel and the public while operating heavy equipment in challenging conditions.